重庆旅游景点英语介绍

The Dazu Rock Carvings are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist beliefs. Listed as a World Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs. The sites are located on the steep hillsides within Dazu County (near the city of Chongqing, China), with the high points being the carvings found on Mount Baoding and Mount Beishan.The earliest carvings were begun in 650 A.D. during the early Tang Dynasty, but the main period of their creation began in the late 9th century, when Wei Junjing, Prefect of Changzhou, pioneered the carvings on Mount Beishan, and his example was followed after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty by local and gentry, monks and nuns, and ordinary people during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907-65). In the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty, a Buddhist monk named Zhao Zhifeng began work on the elaborate sculptures and carvings on Mount Baoding, dedicating 70 years of his life to the project.The carvings were listed as a World Heritage Site in 1999, citing ＂…their aesthetic quality, their rich diversity of subject matter, both secular and religious, and the light that they shed on everyday life in China during this period. They provide outstanding evidence of the harmonious synthesis of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.＂The Three Gorges region is a scenic area along the Yangtze River in China with a total length of approximately 200 km. The Three Gorges occupy approximately 120 km within this region. Although it is primarily famous for its scenery, the Three Gorges region is historically and culturally an important region in China.The Three Gorges region is located along the Yangtze River between the cities of Fengjie and Yichang in Chongqing municipality and Hubei province.Currently the Three Gorges region is most famous for the Three Gorges Dam.Qutang Gorge 瞿塘峡 8 from Baidicheng (Fengjie) to Daxi Wuxia Gorge 巫峡 45 from Wushan to Guandukou (Badong) Xiling Gorge 西陵峡 66 from Zigui to Nanjin Pass (Yichang) 人民大礼堂找不到...新重庆是个什么东西... 将就吧

重庆旅游景点英语介绍

The Dazu Rock Carvings are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist beliefs. Listed as a World Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs. The sites are located on the steep hillsides within Dazu County (near the city of Chongqing, China), with the high points being the carvings found on Mount Baoding and Mount Beishan.The earliest carvings were begun in 650 A.D. during the early Tang Dynasty, but the main period of their creation began in the late 9th century, when Wei Junjing, Prefect of Changzhou, pioneered the carvings on Mount Beishan, and his example was followed after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty by local and gentry, monks and nuns, and ordinary people during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907-65). In the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty, a Buddhist monk named Zhao Zhifeng began work on the elaborate sculptures and carvings on Mount Baoding, dedicating 70 years of his life to the project.The carvings were listed as a World Heritage Site in 1999, citing ＂…their aesthetic quality, their rich diversity of subject matter, both secular and religious, and the light that they shed on everyday life in China during this period. They provide outstanding evidence of the harmonious synthesis of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.＂ The Three Gorges region is a scenic area along the Yangtze River in China with a total length of approximately 200 km. The Three Gorges occupy approximately 120 km within this region. Although it is primarily famous for its scenery, the Three Gorges region is historically and culturally an important region in China.The Three Gorges region is located along the Yangtze River between the cities of Fengjie and Yichang in Chongqing municipality and Hubei province.Currently the Three Gorges region is most famous for the Three Gorges Dam.Qutang Gorge 瞿塘峡 8 from Baidicheng (Fengjie) to Daxi Wuxia Gorge 巫峡 45 from Wushan to Guandukou (Badong) Xiling Gorge 西陵峡 66 from Zigui to Nanjin Pass (Yichang) 人民大礼堂找不到...新重庆是个什么东西... 将就吧

求一篇自己手打的介绍重庆旅游文化景点的英语作文不要摘抄的

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用英语介绍旅游景点

中国著名旅游景点英文介绍 1. The Great wall The Great Wall, located in northern China, is 6,700 kilometers long and thus known as the “10,000-li Great Wall”. Construction of the wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from 7 th century to 14 th century AD. The wall has become a symbol of both China's proud historyand its present strength. 2. The Palace Museum The Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. The imperial palace used by emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building complex in the world. Construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 and lasted 14 years. 24 emperors were enthroned there. 3. Zhoukoudian: Home of the Peking Man Remains of the Peking Man (homo erectus) are located on the Dragon Bone Hill at Zhoukoudian Village, Fangshan District, Beijing. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered the complete skull of Peking Man. Later, more skull bones as well as stone and bone instruments were unearthed. Peking Man lived 690,000 years ago, during Paleolithic times. Findings indicate that Peking Man knew how to make fires. 4. Qinshihuang's Mausoleum and Terra-cotta Army Qinshihuang's Mausoleum is located in Lintong District, 35 kilometers east of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province. Construction ofthe mausoleum lasted 38 years and involved over 700,000 workers. Over the years, a total of 50,000 important cultural relics have been unearthed. In 1980, two bronze painted horse-drawn chariots were unearthed. They are the largest and most complete bronze chariots and horses discovered so far. In 1974, farmers who were digging a well about 1.5 kilometers east of Qinshihuang's Mausoleum discovered three vaults containing Qinshihuang's Buried Legion. The largest of the three vaults contains 6,000 life-size terra-cotta warriors and horses. The collection of warriors is often dubbed the“eighthwonder of the world”. 5. The Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang Dunhuang Grottoes comprise of the Mogao grottoes, West 1,000-Buddha Cave, and Yulin Cave. The Mogao Grottoes, representative of the three sites, are located 25 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Construction of the grottoes began in 366 AD. The well-designed grottoes are a treasure house containing painting, sculptures, documents, and cultural relics. 6. The Huangshan Mountain Located in Huangshan City in southern Anhui Province, the scenic area of the Huangshan Mountain covers 154 square kilometers and is famous for its four wonders: strangely-shaped pines, grotesque rock formations, seas of clouds and hot springs. It also features a natural zoo and botanical garden. 7. Huanglong The Huanglong Scenic Area is located in Songpan County, Sichuan Province. Calcified ponds, beaches, waterfalls and embankments characterize Huanglong scenery. 8. Chengde Summer Resorts and Surrounding Temples Chengde Summer Resort, known as “The Mountain Hamlet for Escaping the Heat”, is located in northern Chengde, Hebei Province. Qing Emperors used to spend their summer days handling state affairs at the resort. Construction of the resort lasted from 1703 to 1792. It is the largest and best-preserved imperial palace outside the capital. Many of the scenic spots around the resort's lake area mimic famous landscaped gardens in southern China, and the buildings of the Outer Eight Temples feature architectural style of minority ethnic groups such as Mongolian, Tibetan and Uygur. 9. Qufu, Confusius'Mansion, Temple and Cemetery Qufu, in southwestern Shandong Province, was the capital of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the hometown of Confusius, a great thinker and educator. Confucius'Mansion was the residence of Confucius' eldest male descendants for generation. The mansion holds more than 9,000 volumes of archives dating from 1534 to 1948 and many cultural relics, ancient costumes, and utensils. Confucius' Temple is famous for its 2,000 stone steles and more than 100 portrait stones from the Han Dynasty. Confucius'Cemetery houses tombs for Confucius and his descendants. 10. Ancient Buildings on the Wudang Mountain The Wudang Mountain, located in northwestern Hubei Province, is a sacred Taoist mountain that is best known as the birthplace of Wudang martial arts. The Gold Hall built on the mountain in 1416 represents advanced architectural styleand building techniques of that period. 11. Potala Palace Potala Palace in Lhasa is situated on Red ...

重庆的旅游景点很多,有长江三峡.英语翻译怎么说

新疆景点介绍：Urumqi Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in an alluvial fan-shaped basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The city opens on to the Junggar Basin in the north. In the Mongolian language, Urumqi means ＂Beautiful Meadow.＂ Hongshan Hongshan Mountain is the highest spot in the center of the city. Hongshan''s main peak is 464 meters above sea level. With towering crags, the mountain was named after the cliffs, which gleam red in the sun''s rays every morning and evening. The upper part of the mountain looks like the head of a tiger, so it is also called ＂Tiger Head Mountain.＂ It faces Yamalike Mountain, less than 1,000 meters away. At the foot of the mountain is the Urumqi River, flowing from north to south. On the top of Hongshan Mountain is a statue of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) national hero Lin Zexu. Standing at the ＂Yuantiao (looking far into the distance) Tower＂ on the mountain, one can view the whole city. Heaven Lake Tianchi (Heaven Lake) Natural Landscape Reserve is located at the foot of 5,44-meter Bogda Peak, the highest mountain in the eastern part of the Tianshan range. It covers an area of 158 square kilometers, including the 71-square-kilometer Tianchi Scenic Area, within which are 20 major scenic spots. Located in the north-central part of the scenic area, Tianchi Lake is 1,910 meters above sea level, 3.3 kilometers long and one kilometer wide on average. The lake stores 160 million cubic meters of water all the year round. Tianchi Lake freezes up in late October and thaws in early May. In the meantime, the lake''s surface is covered with ice one meter thick. In summer, the temperature stays at around 20 degrees C. It is a pleasant and comfortable place. Tianchi is not only a summer resort, but also a good alpine skating rink in winter. Coming from a glacier, the water of Tianchi Lake is pure and the ice surface is smooth. With a gentle breeze blowing most of the time, it is an ideal place for skating competitions. No.1 Glacier No. 1 Glacier is the source of the Urumqi River, located 120 kilometers form Urumqi on Mount Tiangar. It is 3,800 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level, 2.4 kilometers long, averages 500 meters wide and covers an area of 19,500 square kilometers. Surrounding it are 76 large and small younger glaciers. Notes: 1. Urumqi 乌鲁木齐 2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区 3. Junggar Basin 准葛尔盆地

重庆周边旅游景点介绍

一、清溪沟（2天） 7:00在菜园坝汽车站—（18元）—江津 —（8元）—清溪沟乡 特点：水库，水清、林秀，可游泳、钓鱼、捉虾，适宜七人以上出游。

建议：中午在湖边居住的廖二家联系吃饭，免费使用他家的小木船游湖，耍湖边小山洞。

下午从水库入水口往山中走扎营游山。

第2天视情况可原路返回或者穿越回重庆。

现在的穿越线路有了多条，一是从中山古镇到清溪沟，采取周五下午出发到江津再到中山腐败，次日到清溪沟后返回；二是从清溪沟穿越到柏林；三是从中锋镇穿越到清溪沟。

费用概算：60元/人 二、胜天湖（2天） 解放碑（重庆宾馆对面）、杨家坪、沙坪坝均有车——北碚总站——偏岩古镇—（步行）—胜天湖大坝—（步行）—滴翠峡谷。

或晨8:30前在朝天门坐到金刀峡的车在偏岩（车费15元） 特点：水库入水口处有两峡，风格各异，滴翠峡中可扎营（右面峡谷为滴翠峡），溪谷中水清、螃蟹特多，个大。

建议：在偏岩古镇午餐，品尝正宗“一水排骨”“小米渣肉”，还可光顾黄角树下铁匠铺买把好刀。

最好不要包车，沿小路行进。

扎营可在入水口湖边或者直接进滴翠峡扎营。

水库有船可包，150元大船包来回，如果是只在滴翠峡内搞活动， 如抓螃蟹、溪降、溯溪等，可以中午进，约好时间叫老板来接。

费用概算：45元/人 三、万盛 （1） 狮子槽（3天） 下午在南坪汽车站—（15元）—万盛包长安—（60元）—石门（扎营）—（步行上山）—狮子槽（扎营）—（走黑山谷）—万盛 特点：自虐之旅，条件艰苦。

可欣赏山中美景，还可免费欣赏黑山谷景色。

建议：人数控制在7人以内，好包车，到达张家（石门过去几公里）可以找人带路上山。

下山可从狮子槽翻山到青年镇，大概花费7小时。

费用概算：80元/人 （2） 九锅箐（3天） 下午在南坪汽车站—（15元）—万盛包长安—（60元） 九锅箐（扎营）—（步行）— 界碑（渝黔）—探洞 特点：此地为九锅箐森林公园，风景不错，还有茶山产好茶，夜晚听松涛为一绝。

建议：到万盛后在向大妈饭店对面的小巷内有家肥肠馆，味道好，品种多，一定要腐败哈。

包车上山晚点可以逃过门票，晚上扎营可扎在景区木屋区内。

费用概算：80元/人 （3） 重庆浒（3天） （周五下午）重庆——万盛——石林宾馆前下车—（夜行上山）—农家扎营—（步行）—重庆浒—（下山）—万盛 特点：山高林密，原生态的风景多。

未开发的石林风光肯定有收获，夜晚去探洞一定会让心跳一下。

建议：夜行路程长，注意安全。

扎营可选在农家旁，人很淳朴，还可品尝正宗老腊肉等美食。

重庆浒附近的景色秀丽，可细细探询。

如在夜晚探洞一定要作好准备工作。

先可在万盛直接包车上山，节约时间。

费用概算；90元/人 四、自怀原始森林：（3——4天） 早8:00菜园坝汽车站——自怀—（步行）—洞口湖方向（扎营）——洞口湖、红岩湾、承露沟—（步行）—四面山——重庆 特点：原始森林，野兽出没，时间短，路程艰苦。

景区有地方要收门票，但可讲价。

建议：时间充裕可以从自怀的野人谷穿越，向大窝铺森林进发。

穿越到四面山花费时间需4个多小时，在四面山可包车回重庆。

如果有时间可选择在四面山再耍一天，由于从后山进的，节约几十元门票。

费用概算：100元/人 六、石笋山（2天） 1、晨8:00坐火车——永川柏林站——直接从火车站上山——游泳、划竹筏、扎营——游山、逛庙——翻山到江津的大富村—（坐车）—到石门——下午3:00火车返重庆或坐汽车回 特点：山泉汇聚成的小水库值得一玩，山中景点不错，正待开发。

水果品种多，口感好。

建议：节约时间的朋友可乘车到永川后转车前往。

山上有一农家乐，老板姓董，很热情，接待也不错，如果是无装备的朋友去很适合找他。

走友去可把线路倒过来走。

费用概算：40元/人 七、丰盛古镇行 丰盛镇之探洞线路： D1：晨8:30在朝天门码头乘船，票价10元——木洞下船后在汽车站旁特色豆花饭庄午饭——乘中巴到丰盛镇，票价5元。

逛古镇——坐摩托到互助村，在歇凉洞外扎营。

D2：晨起探歇凉洞——无底洞——黑风洞——兔子洞（因图图英勇事迹得名）——知青洞； 午饭后徒步20分钟到琵琶洞，参观游览上洞和对下洞进行探险； 由羊鹿乘车到木洞，在江边吃晚餐后乘晚班船回渝。

丰盛镇之休闲线路： D1：晨9:30在南平长途站乘到丰盛的大巴（一天一班）或其他时间的到木洞的车——中午在木洞午饭——丰盛镇——游丰盛古镇，看清阳楼等十座碉楼，访百岁老人。

步行到三潮水，在乡间购响石。

下午在镇上品尝鸽子汤等特色菜。

晚饭后从镇上徒步到最高峰的铁瓦寺山顶扎营（为巴南与南川界），数星星，看月亮。

D2：晨起看日出、拍风景，山上游览；下山至地下潮河看潮汐，看龙潭潮泉、响水瀑布、出鱼洞等奇观。

中午返回镇上乘坐直达重庆大巴返回。

八、都市后花园休闲2日游 D1：早上在杨家坪、南坪、石桥铺乘到西彭或者白市驿的车到白市驿下，车费2—5元（分老路和高速），转乘到金凤的车在白鹭大庄园下（20分钟），车费1元；在沙坪坝有直接到金凤的车，车费2元； 宿白鹭大庄园或者农家乐，观万只白鹭归巢，白鹭大庄园有篝火晚会、滑...

石林旅游景点英语介绍怎么写？

The Stone Forest lies about 80 miles to the southeast of Kunming. A geological phenomenon, the Stone Forest was a vast expanse of sea during the Paleozoic era——some 270 million years ago. Later, the movement of tectonic plates altered the earth's crust, causing the sea to recede and its limestone bottom to appear, thereby forming land.Due to the constant seeping ofrain through the cracks in the limestone, some of the stone formation dissolved and the fissures broadened, producing a group of great sculptures of different shapes, all molded by nature. In the midst of the forest, there is a huge rock screen on which two words——Stone Forest——are engraved in official script (in a calligraphic style typical of the Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 A.D.). Among the scenic sights is the ＂Sword Peak Pond＂ with jadeite-colored water so clear that one can see the bottom of the pond. Other astonishing sights include ＂Figure of Ashima,＂ ＂Shi Ba Xiang Song＂ (its name originating in the Chinese love story, ＂Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai＂), and ＂Lotus Peak.＂ The splendor of the Stone Forest is enhanced by the local customs of the native Sani people (who are part of the Yi minority). Sani people are industrious and hospitable——and unconstrained. Sani women are expert at spinning, weaving, and embroidering. They like to wear rainbow-colored headgear and bright-colored dresses. The young people especially are very good singers and dancers. Every day at sunset, under the moonlight, boys and girls gather at the village platform. While the boys play the three-stringed plucked instruments, the girls clap their hands and dance the strong-rhythmed traditional ＂A'Xi (Ah-shi) Dance in the Moon＂ with great enthusiasm. If you happen to witness the event, you will be invited to join in the festivity. Note that every lunar year, on June 24th, the Sani people celebrate their national festival——the Torch Festival. On that day, the entire Stone Forest is permeated with a celebratory atmosphere. There are traditional performances of wrestling and bull-fighting. Finally, when the land is enveloped in the curtain of night, the young men (holding torches in their hands) run after the young women to propose marriage in the light of colored lanterns. Notes: 1. Stone Forest 石林 2. Sword Peak Pond 剑峰池 3. Figure of Ashima 阿诗玛像 4. Lotus Peak 莲花峰

兰州旅游景点的英语介绍

Lanzhou, named Jincheng (Gold City) in ancient times, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is now the capital of Gansu Province. Lanzhou is located on the upper reaches of Yellow River and at the geometric centre of China's continental territory. With the Yellow River going through, the city is sandwiched by mountains on the northern and southern banks. Lanzhou has a total area of about 13,000 square kilometers and includes three counties and five districts under its jurisdiction. There are 38 nationalities dwelling here. The average altitude of Lanzhou is 1520m. The weather in Lanzhou is comparatively good. Winters are not severe, nor is it extremely hot in summer. In midsummer the average temperature is only 22.6℃. In summer and autumn, the city is full of melons and fruit; the air is heavy with aroma of flowers. That is the best time to visit.In the successive hundreds of years, Lanzhou remained a significant city along Hexi Corridor and achieved a long period of prosperity. Due to its long history and special geological position, Lanzhou is endowed with many tourist attractions. Five Spring Park is one of them.Five Spring Park Inside the park there are five springs Ganluquan (Sweet-dew Spring),Juyuequan(Moon-scoping Spring), Moziquan(Child-seeking Spring), Huiquan(Benefit-giving Spring) and Meng Spring, hence the name of Five Spring Mountain. According to a legend, these five springs were found by Huo Qubing, a famous general of Han Dynasty. It is said that when he passed through this area leading troops into the battle, they were thirsty and found no water nearby, so the general whipped the hill and the five springs emerged. These springs, small as they are, have never dried up since then. The water, clear and sweet, produces a rare scene in the dry loess plateau. On the main gate of the park, there is an inscription “it is pleasure to visit this famous mountain”, written by Shu Tong, a famous calligrapher in China.100-Li Scenic Zone along the Yellow River1. Zhongshan Iron Bridge Later we will travel along the bank of the Yellow River which is also known as “100-Li Scenic Zone along the Yellow River”. Our first stop is Zhongshan Iron Bridge which is referred to as “the First Bridge over the Yellow River ” 250 meters long and 8 meters wide, it has 5 arches resting on 4 piers [piə]. The iron bridge was built in 1907 and has witnessed all the changes along the Yellow River in the last century. Now it has already been 100 years old and retired, only allowing walking and bicycling.2.White Pagoda Park White Pagoda Park is famous for a white pagoda of Yuan Dynasty. The white pagoda is snow-white with a round foundation. 17 meters high, it has 7 floors and 8 sides on which are many large and small figures of Buddha. On the roof corners, hang copper bells chiming in the breeze. The sound is both solemn and mysterious. The White Pagoda Park is an excellent vantage point for a bird's-eye view of the city. 3.Waterwheel Garden Waterwheel were used to draw water from the Yellow River for irrigation in ancient times. It was first invented in Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220AD) and was introduced into Lanzhou in 1556AD. Since Lanzhou once had more Waterwheels than Hama City in Syria, Lanzhou is now famous for the city of Waterwheel.4. Statue of Mother Yellow River The Yellow River is considered as the Mother of Chinese Nation, Lanzhou is the only provincial capital city that Yellow River runs through. Among all the sculptural works that depict the Yellow River, the statue in Lanzhou City is the most beautiful one in China, and she has the higher artistic value. She was created by the famous sculptor Mrs. He'e in Gansu province and produced by Beijing sculptural factory on the April 30,1986. She is a granite sculpture which is 6 m in length, 2.2m in width, 2.6 in height, and total weight is more than 40 tons. The statue consists of a gentle mother and a lovely boy, which symbolized the Yellow River and the Chinese nation. the carved water wave and fish figure on the base come from the ancient painted poetry art of Gansu, which shows the long historical culture of Gansu.With numerous scenic spots, the southern bank of the Yellow River is also called as “a green corridor”. Lanzhou city is decorated beautifully by Some city sculpture works. among them are Mother Yellow River , Journey to the West, the Green Hope, Rafter Fighting the Wave, Ancient Silk Road, Wild Geese Landing On the Sand etc.

用英语介绍澳大利亚的旅游景点

Melbourne (Australia) Melbourne is a smorgasbord（瑞典式自助餐）of a city that invites you to take a bite. A leafy bayside community on the 'upside-down', brown Yarra River（亚拉河）， it is cosmopolitan, suburban, cultivated, conservative and a haven for the avant-garde（先锋派）. Visitors come for its shopping, restaurants, nightlife and sporting calendar, and most agree that it's one of the world's most liveable cities. In the last 10 years the city has undergone a renaissance. Innumerable（无数的）hip boutiques, restaurants and bars crowd the alleys and Victorian-era arcades（拱郎）off the main streets. Its riverbanks and docklands（港区）have been tranformed into spruced-up sites for swanky waterside socialising.Although mystery surrounds many aspects of Australian prehistory, it seems certain that the first humans came here across the sea from Southeast Asia around 50,000 to 70,000 years ago. There were about 38 tribal groups living around Victoria when white people arrived. Aborigines were traditionally tribal people living in extended family groups and using the environment sustainably. It is believed that Aboriginal people were the first to make polished, stone tools, to cremate（火葬）their dead and to engrave and paint representations（画像）of themselves and animals. Although their society was technologically simple, it was culturally sophisticated, using complex ceremonies which integrated religion, history, law, art and codes of behaviour.Aboriginal people around Victoria resisted white settlement (which began in 1803), and although some settlements had to be abandoned, the original inhabitants were really just postponing the inevitable. Soon after settlement, the Aboriginal people had been dispossessed of their lands and massacred in their thousands.Melbourne was established in 1835 by a group of Tasmanian（塔斯马尼亚的）entrepreneurs, and is the youngest city of its size in the world. Although the settlement was not named until 1837, its characteristic grid layout was imposed by military surveyor Robert Hoddle the same year, and by 1840 over 10,000 people had been attracted to the area. The colony of Victoria was formed in 1851, with Melbourne as its capital, neatly coinciding with the discovery of gold which swiftly and inexorably（无情地）transformed them both.Gold brought a huge influx of immigrants from around the world, and the wealth it generated created a city of extravagant proportions. In 30 years the designs of the city's architects, the skills of its many European tradespeople（商人们）and the designation of large areas of the city for public parkland had established what was known as 'Marvellous Melbourne - the Paris of the Antipodes（澳大利亚和新西兰）‘. This progress was, however, temporarily halted in 1890 by the first of many devastating financial crashes which have afflicted the economically vulnerable city.The ethnic mix of Melbourne's population has always been an important influence on the city's character: the Chinese and Irish diggers attracted by gold in the 19th century and the postwar arrival of refugees and migrants from all over Europe (particularly Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia, Turkey and Poland) and more recently from Vietnam and Cambodia（柬埔寨）， have all contributed elements of their cultures to what could otherwise have been a conservative, passionless English society. These migrants have boosted Melbourne's population to 4 million and their influences are witnessed in Melbourne's robust and varied architecture, restaurants, festivals and entertainment.After WWII, Melbourne went into a long period of stable, occasionally complacent, conservative government. Although the city's political establishment liked to think it was the centre of national gravity, in fact Sydney gradually took precedence on the national scale until it became clear, by the 1960s, that Melbourne's star had been eclipsed. Nevertheless, a strong rivalry between the two occasionally still surfaces（浮出水面）.Conservative dominance continued until the '80s, when the Labor party took office and the city hit boom times（繁荣时期）. Land prices just kept going up, and so did buildings, until 1990 when the whole thing fell in a heap. In 1992 radical conservative autocrat Jeff Kennett took the reins, provoking ire and admiration in seemingly equal doses. Under Kennett, Melbourne waved goodbye to social services and healthcare, and gave a hearty hello to the Grand Prix（国际汽车大奖赛）and the Crown Casino（皇冠赌场）.Kennett's Liberal government was comprehensively ousted in 1999's state ...